Pile fabric



Sept. 13,` 1932. A. F. MCCOLLUM ET AL. 1,877,679

PILE FABRI C Filed Sept. 3, 1950 5 Sheets-$11991 l SePf- 13, 1932 A, FQ MccoLLUM ET AL, 1,877,679

PILE FABRIC Filed sept. 3, 195o 5 sheets-sheet 2 willzl...

Sept.. 13, 1932.

A. F. MCCOLLUM ET AL. 1,877,679

PILE FABRIC Filed Sept. 3, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 D lg.

la H o N mm N QQ( N N A n N N U n z\ s 1 N g N *g 5 O N l Sept. 13, 1932. A. F. MCCOLLUM ET AL.

PILE FABRIC 5 sheet-sheet 4 Filed Sept. 5, 1950 Sept. 13, 1932. A. F. MccoLLUM ET AL. 1,877,679

PILE FABRIC Filed sept. 3, 195o 5 sheets-sheet 5 Patented Sept. 13, 1932 i UNrrisbA STATES PATENT oFF'IcE-i,

ALFRED P *MeooLLUM AND Trinononn H. nUsir, or PLooNrsBUns, PENNSYLVANIA, or PLooMsPURG, PENNSYLVANIA, A con- AssIGNons To 'r1-:m MAGEE CARPET co.,

A IPORATION OF IEN'JBTSYIIVANIA4 PILP.` FABRIC Application led September 3,1930. Serial No. 479,538'.

This invention relates to a pile fabric, a method for tying in the pile tufts, and means for manipulating the pile warps in a manner to form the pile tufts, and to tie eachA tuft in place in the fabric in such a mann-er that it cannot be pulledy out of the fabric from either side thereof.

The invention is particularly adapted for use inproducing floor coverings ofthe oriene tal type, 'wherein the same figure or design appears on the back of the fabric as appears 011 the pile face of the fabric. To this end weV prefer to use a printed warp, thus avoiding thefloating of any pile warps through the fabric.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figi 1 is a diagrammatic warp-wise sectional elevation of a fabric made in accordance with the principles of my invention, the section being taken on the line 1-1, Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional plan view of the Afabric taken on the line 2-2, Fig. 1; l

Fig. 3 is a weft-wise sectional elevation taken on the line 3 3, Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an inverted plan of the fabric shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3; Y

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic side elevation of apparatus employed in making the fabric;

Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 vshow various positions of certain elements of the apparatus during the weaving of the fabric; and

Fig. 10 shows a warp-wise sectional ele.

vat-ion of a piece of the fabric before they pile wires have been removed and before the pile tufts have been cut.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, fthe fabric comprises a plurality of warp threads 1, 1, that extend substantially in straight parallel lines longitudinally orwarp-wise of the fabric. VThese warp threads function as body warps and also as binder or chain warps alternating and co-operating, in spaced relation transversely or weft-wise of the fabric, with binder or chain warps-2, 2.

Preferably the body/'warps 1, 1 are i.

tained `under a relatively higher tension than the `binder warps 2 during the weaving of the fabric, thus the body warps 1v assume. amore or less lineal position vin the fabric while the binder warps 2 assume a Wave-like position with respect thereto, the undulations of the binderwarps 2 extending alternately above and below the co-operating body warps 1,- l to bind into the fabric a series of vweft threads 3, 3, above the body warps l, andv azseriesiof weft threads 4, 4 below thebody warps 1, l.

The'y fabricalso comprises a'plurality of pile tufts 5, 5, each ofwhich loops around and over the top -of one ofthe upper Vweft threads 3, as indicated at 6, the ends, 7 of each tuft then extending downwardly at op! posite sides of said weftthread, both ends of each pile tuft then extending I under 4and around the lower side of one of the body warps l, as indicated at 8. ,The two ends of the tuft then extend upwardly` and at opposite sides ofthe said upper weft 3, as indi-l f cated at 9, 9, the said ends being cut as at 10 to form the cut pil-e face of the fabric.

From the above description taken in conjunction with Figs. 1 to 4 of the'drawingait will be evident that each pile tuft is so-bound into the fabric 'that it cannot be pulled out of the fabric from eitheri side thereof; and

that each pile tuft extends clear through the fabric to theback face thereof, therefore,

when usingaprinted warp of the well known character the various corresponding points on the cut pile face and on'the back lface of .the fabric will be similarly'colore'd, reproduc ing on the back face of the fabricthe 'same ldesign that appears lonthe out" pile' face thereof. y Y,

In order to tie or loopfthe pileY warps 5,5 around the body warps V1, 1in the manner above noted, we employ `apparatus ofthe character shown in Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive'such apparatus including a pairl of co-operating heddle frames 20 and 21, respectively provided with heddle wires 22 and 23.

Interconnected with each co-operating pair of heddle wires 22 and 23 is a relatively movable heddle eye 25, one of such eyes being provided for each of the pile warps across the entire width of the fabric.

Each heddle eye comprises, in the present instance, a central wire 26 and a pair of side wires 27 land 28 spaced laterally from the central wire 26 and extending substantially parallel thereto on opposite sides thereof to provide slots 29 and 30 in the eye 25.

The wires 26, 27 and 28 join with each other at their lower ends as indicated at 31 andto this portion 31 is connected a lingo 32 or other means tending to lower the heddle eye25 at al1 times.

The wires 26, 27 and 28 are also joined at their upper ends as indicated at 35, the joint therebetween being pointed in the same general manner as an arrow head.

Each heddle wirer22, intermediate its ends, is provided with an elongated loop 36, through which passes the heddle-eye wire 27 of the co-operating heddle eye 25, the upper end 37 of the loop 36 passing through and being adapted to move longitudinally of the slot 29 of the heddle eye. j

Each heddle wire 23, intermediate its ends, is provided with a similar elongated loop 38, through which the Vheddle-eye wire 28 of the said heddle eye 25 passes, the lower end 39 of the said loop passing through the slot in the heddle eye 25 and being adapted to move "longitudinally of the slot 30 of the said heddle eye. v

The central wire 26 of the heddle eye 25 is provided with a yarn eye 40 adjacent the upper pointed end of the heddle eye, and through the yarn eye of each heddle eye 25 passes one of the pile warps 5, as it extends from the fell m of the fabric to the warp beam or spool (not shown) From the above, it will be seenthat each thread eye 25 is adapted for relative movement with respect to each of the independently movable heddle wires 22 and 23 which cooperate with that particular heddle eye 25.

vThe body warps 1 ypass Y respectively through eyes 41 in heddle wires 42 of a hed- Y dle frame 43, while the binder warps 2 pass respectively through eyes 44 formed in heddle wires 45 carried by a heddle frame 46.

Each body warp 1 passes between acooperating pair of `heddle-eye wires 22 and 23, the co-operating binder warp 2 passing to one sideof the group including the two heddle eye wires 22 and 23 and the heddle eye 25 controlled thereby, the pile warp 5, which is controlled by the said heddle eye 25, passing between the said pair of heddle-eye wires 22 and 23 and through the yarn eye 40 of said heddle eye.

As shown in Figs. 5 and 6, a pile loop 50 has Vpile warp 5 at the same time form the upper part of a shed 53, through which the loom 'shuttle (not shown) then passes to lay an upper weft thread 3 transversely across the fabric above the body warps 1 which are at that time in a low position formingthe bottom of the shed.

The lay of the loom (not shown) then beats up the inserted weft 3'into position at the fell as, as shown Vin Fig. 7, the heddle frame 21 raising higher and thereby, through the loop 38 in the heddle wire 23, being in engagement with the upper end of the slot 30 in the heddle .eye 25, raising the pile warp 5 into a high" position at one side of the body warp 1, and the body'warp I coming up to a normal position to support the newly inserted weft thread 3 in place. l

rlhe heddle frame 21 then moves down permitting theheddle eye 25 and the pile warp 5 to assume the position shown in Fig. 8, the point 35 of vthe heddle eye 2'5 being disposed below the body warp 1 which is in its normal position. The binderwarp 2 has also been lowered, thereby -binding the weft thread 3 in place.

A lower weft 4 is then inserted in the shed 54, formed onthe top bythe body warps 1 and on the bottomby the binder warps 2 `and the pile warps 5. j f

The heddle frame 20 then rises. The end 37 of the loop 36 of the heddle wire 22 being in engagement with the upper end of the slot 29 in the heddle eye 25 raises the heddle eye 25 and directs the point 35 ofthe heddle eye 25 to the back of the body -warp 1 which causes the pile warp 5 to be drawn tothe back of thebody warp 1, as viewed in-Fig. 8, thus looping or crossing the pile warp 5 under the body warp 1. The heddle frame 2O continues to rise until 'the pile warp 5 is high enough to permit a pile wire 51 to be inserted in the shed 55 formed by the pile warps 5,

as the top of the shed and the body warps 1 as the bottom of the shed.

The lay ofthe loom then beats up .the under weft 4 and the pile wire 51 into the positions shown in Fig. 9. I, v

The heddle frame 2O then descends to substantially the same position as shown in Fig. 8, wherein the pointed end 35 ofthe heddle eye 25 is well below the body warps 1. This completes one cycle of operation of the mechanism for forming one series of pile loops 50 across the fabric, the pile warp 5 having been lowered and the binder warp 2 having been raised to bind the pile wire 51 andthe under weft 4tightly against the upper and lowersides of the body warps 1, respectively. j The operation then continues, theheddle observed in Fig. 10 that one frame 21 rising again and drawing the pile warp -5 to the front side of the body warp 1 l as seen in Fig. 6 for starting the formation of the next transversely extending row of pile loops 50. f

From the above, it will be obvious that the heddle eyes 25 being under the control of the two heddle frames 20 and 21 are moved upward first to one side of the body warps 1 and then upward to the opposite side of the body warps crossing and recrossing of the pile warps 5 said upper weft to a plane above 1 which e'ects the i opposite ends of the tuft respectively passing downwardly at opposite sides of the upper weft thence under and around the body warp intermediate a pair of the lower wefts and upwardly between the opposite side of the body warp and the binder warp adjacent thereto at opposite sides respectively of the f that of the ALFRED F. MCCOLLUM. THEODORE H. RUSH.

said upper we under the said body warps to produce thev tying-in of the pile tufts, in co-operation with the upper wefts as noted above.

It is to be noted that a pile loop 50 formed in the manner above noted .does not constitute one of the pile tufts 5, as it will be end 9 of one pile tuft 5 is formed by a leg 9a of one pile loop 50 while the otherv end 9 of the same pile tuft 5 is formed by the leg 9b of the next successively formed pile loop 50.

The above described apparatus is shown and claimed in our divisional application, i

Ser. No. 571,919.

Ve claim:

1. A pile fabric comprising a series of body warp threads, a series of weft threads disposed solely above the body warp threads, a series of weft threads disposed solely be` low the body warp threads, a series of binder warp threads alternating with the body warp threads and pas-sing over the upper wefts and under the lower wefts successively, and lengths of pile warp threads formed respectively into individual tufts each looped at its center over the top of an upper weft with the opposite ends of the thread length passing downward at and immediately adjacent the opposite sides respectively of said upper weft at one side of an underlying body warp and between said body warp and the binder warp at said side thereof, thence under and around the bottom of said body warp between two immediately successive underlying lower wefts, thence upwardly at the oppositeside of said body warp between said body warp and the binder warp at the said opposite side thereof to a plane above the upper series of wefts.

2. A pile fabric comprising a series of lat-v erally spaced body warps, a series of laterally spaced wefts solely above the body warps, a series of laterally spaced wefts solely below` the body warps and in staggered relation to the wefts of the upper series, av series of' binder warps alternating respectively with the body warps and passing over the upper wefts and under the lower wefts successively, and a pile tuft at the crossing of each upper weft and a body warp and having a looped center passing around the upper sile of the upper weft between one side of the body warp and the adjacent binder warp with the 

